The TFCC and wrist ligaments

MRI

First and second year — the floor first, then every step

Ulnar-sided wrist pain: classify TFCC tears (Palmer traumatic 1 vs degenerative 2), check the ulnar variance and ulnocarpal abutment, and look at the scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligaments whose tears lead to carpal instability.

Orient first

  • Palmer 1A (central), 1B (ulnar peripheral — repairable), 1C, 1D; class 2 degenerative with positive ulnar variance.
  • Scapholunate ligament dorsal band is the strongest and most important.
  • MR arthrography or 3T MRI improves detection of small tears.

Acquire the study

  • MRI wrist (3T preferred, dedicated coil): coronal T1, PD fat-saturated in three planes, 3D gradient-echo; MR arthrography where available. Neutral-rotation PA radiograph for ulnar variance.

The manoeuvre

  • Coronal PD fat-saturated: TFCC articular disc — central perforation vs peripheral detachment at the fovea.
  • Ulnar variance on the PA radiograph in mm; lunate and ulnar head oedema on coronal images (abutment).
  • Scapholunate ligament on coronal and axial images: dorsal, membranous and volar parts.
  • Lunotriquetral ligament; carpal alignment on sagittal (DISI/VISI).
  • ECU tendon subluxation on axial images.

What confirms it

  • Fluid signal through the TFCC or ligament with discontinuity in two planes.

What licenses you to exclude it

  • An intact disc and ligaments on 3T or arthrographic MRI make a significant tear unlikely.

The classic misread

  • Age-related central TFCC perforations called traumatic.

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