Rheumatoid arthritis — erosions, synovitis and the cervical spine

X-ray · USG · MRI

First and second year — the floor first, then every step

Symmetric small-joint disease with periarticular osteopenia, uniform joint space loss and marginal erosions; ultrasound and MRI show synovitis and erosions years before the radiograph — and atlantoaxial instability must be looked for before anaesthesia.

Orient first

  • Early sites: MCP 2–3, PIP, ulnar styloid, MTP 5.
  • Erosions start at the bare areas (marginal) — no bone production (unlike psoriatic arthritis).
  • Cervical spine: atlantoaxial subluxation (ADI > 3 mm in adults — verify), basilar invagination, subaxial subluxation.

Acquire the study

  • PA and oblique radiographs of both hands and both feet.

The manoeuvre

  • Radiograph: periarticular osteopenia; symmetric joint space narrowing.
  • Marginal erosions at MCP 2–3, ulnar styloid, MTP 5 (the earliest foot site).
  • Deformities: ulnar deviation, swan neck, boutonnière.
  • Cervical flexion radiograph: atlantodental interval in mm.

What confirms it

  • Symmetric small-joint erosive arthritis with serology (RF/anti-CCP) and clinical criteria.

What licenses you to exclude it

  • Normal ultrasound without synovitis makes active inflammatory arthritis unlikely.

The classic misread

  • Calling erosive osteoarthritis (central erosions, gull-wing) RA.

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