Staging and response in lymphoma (Lugano, Deauville)

PET-CT · CT

First and second year — the floor first, then every step

Stage with FDG PET-CT by the Lugano classification (nodal regions above and below the diaphragm, extranodal sites, bulk), then assess response with the Deauville five-point scale against the mediastinum and liver.

Orient first

  • Most lymphomas are FDG-avid and are staged and response-assessed with PET-CT; some subtypes are variably avid and use CT criteria.
  • Lugano staging: I–II limited (one side of the diaphragm), III–IV advanced; bulk is recorded by the longest diameter — verify the bulk threshold for the histology.
  • Deauville: 1 no uptake, 2 at or below mediastinum, 3 above mediastinum but at or below liver, 4 moderately above liver, 5 markedly above liver or new lesions.

Acquire the study

  • FDG PET-CT with a diagnostic or low-dose CT; standardised uptake time and fasting.

The manoeuvre

  • Nodal regions on each side of the diaphragm: avid nodes, their size on the CT component in mm.
  • Extranodal disease: spleen (diffuse or focal uptake), liver, bone marrow (focal uptake), lung, gut.
  • Bulk: longest diameter of the largest mass in cm.
  • Reference regions for response: mediastinal blood pool and liver SUV.
  • Deauville score of the most avid residual lesion at interim and end of treatment, compared with baseline.

What confirms it

  • A Lugano stage with bulk recorded at baseline; a Deauville score at each response scan.

What licenses you to exclude it

  • A Deauville 1–3 at end of treatment is a complete metabolic response in most FDG-avid lymphomas (context and trial rules can differ).

The classic misread

  • Scoring diffuse marrow uptake after growth factors, or thymic rebound in young patients, as disease.

See it on real cases

Direct links to Radiopaedia — the reference article and worked cases with their images. Each opens on Radiopaedia.

Key papers

Reviews and guidelines from RSNA, ESR and related journals. Each opens at its DOI.

  1. Application of the Lugano Classification for Initial Evaluation, Staging, and Response Assessment of Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: The PRoLoG Consensus Initiative (Part 1-Clinical) ↗Ricard F, Cheson B, Barrington S, et al. · Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2023SNMMI · PubMed
  2. Imaging for Staging and Response Assessment in Lymphoma ↗Johnson SA, Kumar A, Matasar MJ, et al. · Radiology 2015RSNA · PubMed
  3. Imaging for diagnosis, staging and response assessment of Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma ↗McCarten KM, Nadel HR, Shulkin BL, et al. · Pediatric Radiology 2019SPR · ESPR · PubMed
  4. (18)F-FDG PET/CT in Lymphoma: Has Imaging-Directed Personalized Medicine Become a Reality? ↗Barrington SF, Johnson PWM · Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2017SNMMI · PubMed

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